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DuckDB uses 1-based indexing except for JSON objects, which use 0-based indexing.
Examples
SELECT list[1] AS element
FROM (SELECT ['first', 'second', 'third'] AS list);
┌─────────┐
│ element │
│ varchar │
├─────────┤
│ first │
└─────────┘
SELECT json[1][1] AS element
FROM (SELECT '["first", "second", "third"]'::JSON AS json);
┌──────────┐
│ element │
│ json │
├──────────┤
│ "second" │
└──────────┘