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This section describes functions and operators for examining and manipulating TIMESTAMP
values.
Timestamp Operators
The table below shows the available mathematical operators for TIMESTAMP
types.
Operator | Description | Example | Result |
---|---|---|---|
+ |
addition of an INTERVAL |
TIMESTAMP '1992-03-22 01:02:03' + INTERVAL 5 DAY |
1992-03-27 01:02:03 |
- |
subtraction of TIMESTAMP s |
TIMESTAMP '1992-03-27' - TIMESTAMP '1992-03-22' |
5 days |
- |
subtraction of an INTERVAL |
TIMESTAMP '1992-03-27 01:02:03' - INTERVAL 5 DAY |
1992-03-22 01:02:03 |
Adding to or subtracting from infinite values produces the same infinite value.
Scalar Timestamp Functions
The table below shows the available scalar functions for TIMESTAMP
values.
Name | Description |
---|---|
age(timestamp, timestamp) |
Subtract arguments, resulting in the time difference between the two timestamps. |
age(timestamp) |
Subtract from current_date. |
century(timestamp) |
Extracts the century of a timestamp. |
current_timestamp |
Returns the current timestamp (at the start of the transaction). |
date_diff(part, startdate, enddate) |
The number of partition boundaries between the timestamps. |
date_part([part, ...], timestamp) |
Get the listed subfields as a struct . The list must be constant. |
date_part(part, timestamp) |
Get subfield (equivalent to extract ). |
date_sub(part, startdate, enddate) |
The number of complete partitions between the timestamps. |
date_trunc(part, timestamp) |
Truncate to specified precision. |
datediff(part, startdate, enddate) |
Alias of date_diff . The number of partition boundaries between the timestamps. |
datepart([part, ...], timestamp) |
Alias of date_part . Get the listed subfields as a struct . The list must be constant. |
datepart(part, timestamp) |
Alias of date_part . Get subfield (equivalent to extract ). |
datesub(part, startdate, enddate) |
Alias of date_sub . The number of complete partitions between the timestamps. |
datetrunc(part, timestamp) |
Alias of date_trunc . Truncate to specified precision. |
dayname(timestamp) |
The (English) name of the weekday. |
epoch_ms(ms) |
Converts ms since epoch to a timestamp. |
epoch_ms(timestamp) |
Converts a timestamp to milliseconds since the epoch. |
epoch_ms(timestamp) |
Return the total number of milliseconds since the epoch. |
epoch_ns(timestamp) |
Return the total number of nanoseconds since the epoch. |
epoch_us(timestamp) |
Return the total number of microseconds since the epoch. |
epoch(timestamp) |
Converts a timestamp to seconds since the epoch. |
extract(field FROM timestamp) |
Get subfield from a timestamp. |
greatest(timestamp, timestamp) |
The later of two timestamps. |
isfinite(timestamp) |
Returns true if the timestamp is finite, false otherwise. |
isinf(timestamp) |
Returns true if the timestamp is infinite, false otherwise. |
last_day(timestamp) |
The last day of the month. |
least(timestamp, timestamp) |
The earlier of two timestamps. |
make_timestamp(bigint, bigint, bigint, bigint, bigint, double) |
The timestamp for the given parts. |
make_timestamp(microseconds) |
The timestamp for the given number of µs since the epoch. |
monthname(timestamp) |
The (English) name of the month. |
strftime(timestamp, format) |
Converts timestamp to string according to the format string. |
strptime(text, format-list) |
Converts the string text to timestamp applying the format strings in the list until one succeeds. Throws an error on failure. To return NULL on failure, use try_strptime . |
strptime(text, format) |
Converts the string text to timestamp according to the format string. Throws an error on failure. To return NULL on failure, use try_strptime . |
time_bucket(bucket_width, timestamp[, offset]) |
Truncate timestamp by the specified interval bucket_width . Buckets are offset by offset interval. |
time_bucket(bucket_width, timestamp[, origin]) |
Truncate timestamp by the specified interval bucket_width . Buckets are aligned relative to origin timestamp. origin defaults to 2000-01-03 00:00:00 for buckets that don't include a month or year interval, and to 2000-01-01 00:00:00 for month and year buckets. |
to_timestamp(double) |
Converts seconds since the epoch to a timestamp with time zone. |
try_strptime(text, format-list) |
Converts the string text to timestamp applying the format strings in the list until one succeeds. Returns NULL on failure. |
try_strptime(text, format) |
Converts the string text to timestamp according to the format string. Returns NULL on failure. |
There are also dedicated extraction functions to get the subfields.
Functions applied to infinite dates will either return the same infinite dates
(e.g, greatest
) or NULL
(e.g., date_part
) depending on what “makes sense”.
In general, if the function needs to examine the parts of the infinite date, the result will be NULL
.
age(timestamp, timestamp)
Description | Subtract arguments, resulting in the time difference between the two timestamps. |
Example | age(TIMESTAMP '2001-04-10', TIMESTAMP '1992-09-20') |
Result | 8 years 6 months 20 days |
age(timestamp)
Description | Subtract from current_date. |
Example | age(TIMESTAMP '1992-09-20') |
Result | 29 years 1 month 27 days 12:39:00.844 |
century(timestamp)
Description | Extracts the century of a timestamp. |
Example | century(TIMESTAMP '1992-03-22') |
Result | 20 |
current_timestamp
Description | Returns the current timestamp with time zone (at the start of the transaction). |
Example | current_timestamp |
Result | 2024-04-16T09:14:36.098Z |
date_diff(part, startdate, enddate)
Description | The number of partition boundaries between the timestamps. |
Example | date_diff('hour', TIMESTAMP '1992-09-30 23:59:59', TIMESTAMP '1992-10-01 01:58:00') |
Result | 2 |
date_part([part, ...], timestamp)
Description | Get the listed subfields as a struct . The list must be constant. |
Example | date_part(['year', 'month', 'day'], TIMESTAMP '1992-09-20 20:38:40') |
Result | {year: 1992, month: 9, day: 20} |
date_part(part, timestamp)
Description | Get subfield (equivalent to extract ). |
Example | date_part('minute', TIMESTAMP '1992-09-20 20:38:40') |
Result | 38 |
date_sub(part, startdate, enddate)
Description | The number of complete partitions between the timestamps. |
Example | date_sub('hour', TIMESTAMP '1992-09-30 23:59:59', TIMESTAMP '1992-10-01 01:58:00') |
Result | 1 |
date_trunc(part, timestamp)
Description | Truncate to specified precision. |
Example | date_trunc('hour', TIMESTAMP '1992-09-20 20:38:40') |
Result | 1992-09-20 20:00:00 |
datediff(part, startdate, enddate)
Description | Alias of date_diff . The number of partition boundaries between the timestamps. |
Example | datediff('hour', TIMESTAMP '1992-09-30 23:59:59', TIMESTAMP '1992-10-01 01:58:00') |
Result | 2 |
datepart([part, ...], timestamp)
Description | Alias of date_part . Get the listed subfields as a struct . The list must be constant. |
Example | datepart(['year', 'month', 'day'], TIMESTAMP '1992-09-20 20:38:40') |
Result | {year: 1992, month: 9, day: 20} |
datepart(part, timestamp)
Description | Alias of date_part . Get subfield (equivalent to extract ). |
Example | datepart('minute', TIMESTAMP '1992-09-20 20:38:40') |
Result | 38 |
datesub(part, startdate, enddate)
Description | Alias of date_sub . The number of complete partitions between the timestamps. |
Example | datesub('hour', TIMESTAMP '1992-09-30 23:59:59', TIMESTAMP '1992-10-01 01:58:00') |
Result | 1 |
datetrunc(part, timestamp)
Description | Alias of date_trunc . Truncate to specified precision. |
Example | datetrunc('hour', TIMESTAMP '1992-09-20 20:38:40') |
Result | 1992-09-20 20:00:00 |
dayname(timestamp)
Description | The (English) name of the weekday. |
Example | dayname(TIMESTAMP '1992-03-22') |
Result | Sunday |
epoch_ms(ms)
Description | Converts ms since epoch to a timestamp. |
Example | epoch_ms(701222400000) |
Result | 1992-03-22 00:00:00 |
epoch_ms(timestamp)
Description | Converts a timestamp to milliseconds since the epoch. |
Example | epoch_ms('2022-11-07 08:43:04.123456'::TIMESTAMP); |
Result | 1667810584123 |
epoch_ms(timestamp)
Description | Return the total number of milliseconds since the epoch. |
Example | epoch_ms(timestamp '2021-08-03 11:59:44.123456') |
Result | 1627991984123 |
epoch_ns(timestamp)
Description | Return the total number of nanoseconds since the epoch. |
Example | epoch_ns(timestamp '2021-08-03 11:59:44.123456') |
Result | 1627991984123456000 |
epoch_us(timestamp)
Description | Return the total number of microseconds since the epoch. |
Example | epoch_us(timestamp '2021-08-03 11:59:44.123456') |
Result | 1627991984123456 |
epoch(timestamp)
Description | Converts a timestamp to seconds since the epoch. |
Example | epoch('2022-11-07 08:43:04'::TIMESTAMP); |
Result | 1667810584 |
extract(field FROM timestamp)
Description | Get subfield from a timestamp. |
Example | extract('hour' FROM TIMESTAMP '1992-09-20 20:38:48') |
Result | 20 |
greatest(timestamp, timestamp)
Description | The later of two timestamps. |
Example | greatest(TIMESTAMP '1992-09-20 20:38:48', TIMESTAMP '1992-03-22 01:02:03.1234') |
Result | 1992-09-20 20:38:48 |
isfinite(timestamp)
Description | Returns true if the timestamp is finite, false otherwise. |
Example | isfinite(TIMESTAMP '1992-03-07') |
Result | true |
isinf(timestamp)
Description | Returns true if the timestamp is infinite, false otherwise. |
Example | isinf(TIMESTAMP '-infinity') |
Result | true |
last_day(timestamp)
Description | The last day of the month. |
Example | last_day(TIMESTAMP '1992-03-22 01:02:03.1234') |
Result | 1992-03-31 |
least(timestamp, timestamp)
Description | The earlier of two timestamps. |
Example | least(TIMESTAMP '1992-09-20 20:38:48', TIMESTAMP '1992-03-22 01:02:03.1234') |
Result | 1992-03-22 01:02:03.1234 |
make_timestamp(bigint, bigint, bigint, bigint, bigint, double)
Description | The timestamp for the given parts. |
Example | make_timestamp(1992, 9, 20, 13, 34, 27.123456) |
Result | 1992-09-20 13:34:27.123456 |
make_timestamp(microseconds)
Description | The timestamp for the given number of µs since the epoch. |
Example | make_timestamp(1667810584123456) |
Result | 2022-11-07 08:43:04.123456 |
monthname(timestamp)
Description | The (English) name of the month. |
Example | monthname(TIMESTAMP '1992-09-20') |
Result | September |
strftime(timestamp, format)
Description | Converts timestamp to string according to the format string. |
Example | strftime(timestamp '1992-01-01 20:38:40', '%a, %-d %B %Y - %I:%M:%S %p') |
Result | Wed, 1 January 1992 - 08:38:40 PM |
strptime(text, format-list)
Description | Converts the string text to timestamp applying the format strings in the list until one succeeds. Throws an error on failure. To return NULL on failure, use try_strptime . |
Example | strptime('4/15/2023 10:56:00', ['%d/%m/%Y %H:%M:%S', '%m/%d/%Y %H:%M:%S']) |
Result | 2023-04-15 10:56:00 |
strptime(text, format)
Description | Converts the string text to timestamp according to the format string. Throws an error on failure. To return NULL on failure, use try_strptime . |
Example | strptime('Wed, 1 January 1992 - 08:38:40 PM', '%a, %-d %B %Y - %I:%M:%S %p') |
Result | 1992-01-01 20:38:40 |
time_bucket(bucket_width, timestamp[, offset])
Description | Truncate timestamp by the specified interval bucket_width . Buckets are offset by offset interval. |
Example | time_bucket(INTERVAL '10 minutes', TIMESTAMP '1992-04-20 15:26:00-07', INTERVAL '5 minutes') |
Result | 1992-04-20 15:25:00 |
time_bucket(bucket_width, timestamp[, origin])
Description | Truncate timestamp by the specified interval bucket_width . Buckets are aligned relative to origin timestamp. origin defaults to 2000-01-03 00:00:00 for buckets that don't include a month or year interval, and to 2000-01-01 00:00:00 for month and year buckets. |
Example | time_bucket(INTERVAL '2 weeks', TIMESTAMP '1992-04-20 15:26:00', TIMESTAMP '1992-04-01 00:00:00') |
Result | 1992-04-15 00:00:00 |
to_timestamp(double)
Description | Converts seconds since the epoch to a timestamp with time zone. |
Example | to_timestamp(1284352323.5) |
Result | 2010-09-13 04:32:03.5+00 |
try_strptime(text, format-list)
Description | Converts the string text to timestamp applying the format strings in the list until one succeeds. Returns NULL on failure. |
Example | try_strptime('4/15/2023 10:56:00', ['%d/%m/%Y %H:%M:%S', '%m/%d/%Y %H:%M:%S']) |
Result | 2023-04-15 10:56:00 |
try_strptime(text, format)
Description | Converts the string text to timestamp according to the format string. Returns NULL on failure. |
Example | try_strptime('Wed, 1 January 1992 - 08:38:40 PM', '%a, %-d %B %Y - %I:%M:%S %p') |
Result | 1992-01-01 20:38:40 |
Timestamp Table Functions
The table below shows the available table functions for TIMESTAMP
types.
Name | Description |
---|---|
generate_series(timestamp, timestamp, interval) |
Generate a table of timestamps in the closed range, stepping by the interval. |
range(timestamp, timestamp, interval) |
Generate a table of timestamps in the half open range, stepping by the interval. |
Infinite values are not allowed as table function bounds.
generate_series(timestamp, timestamp, interval)
Description | Generate a table of timestamps in the closed range, stepping by the interval. |
Example | generate_series(TIMESTAMP '2001-04-10', TIMESTAMP '2001-04-11', INTERVAL 30 MINUTE) |
range(timestamp, timestamp, interval)
Description | Generate a table of timestamps in the half open range, stepping by the interval. |
Example | range(TIMESTAMP '2001-04-10', TIMESTAMP '2001-04-11', INTERVAL 30 MINUTE) |